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Latest Module Specifications

Current Academic Year 2025 - 2026

Module Title Failure
Module Code BAA1047 (ITS: SB205)
Faculty DCU Business School School DCU Business School
NFQ level 8 Credit Rating 5
Description

There is a false belief that all failure is bad and that learning from failure is straightforward. In practice some failure is inevitable and some failures are even constructive. Importantly learning from failure is not simple as it requires resilience, psychological safety, and coping strategies which are frequently tied to context. Through the module students will not only have exposure to a spectrum of failures (preventable, unavoidable, inevitable) but importantly explore how such failures may be avoided, circumvented or leveraged. The module provides students with insights on the inevitability of uncertainty and failure and how the negative impact of failure can be cascaded by power, blame games, fear and toxic cultures within organisations. In appreciating such factors students are exposed to the significance of concepts such as psychological safety, resilience, coping strategies and mechanisms such as whistleblowing in efforts to circumvent or prevent failures on a mass scale. Students should leave this module with a greater awareness of the realities of various types of failure and an appreciation of ways in which an organisational culture can be fostered around safe recognition, reporting and admission of failure. In this way failure will become more normalized as an everyday experience.

Learning Outcomes

1. identify and understand the spectrum and contexts of failure
2. Identify and assess the biases, path dependencies and power dynamics that can give rise to, and perpetuate, failure
3. critically assess experiences of failure in order to derive key insights and lessons
4. appreciate the key institutional, cultural and individual factors required for the safe recognition, navigating, reporting and/or admission of failure


WorkloadFull time hours per semester
TypeHoursDescription
Lecture22No Description
Directed learning6Pre-Class Activities
Assignment Completion45No Description
Group work12No Description
Independent Study40No Description
Total Workload: 125
Section Breakdown
CRN10120Part of TermSemester 1
Coursework0%Examination Weight0%
Grade Scale40PASSPass Both ElementsY
Resit CategoryRC1Best MarkN
Module Co-ordinatorGavin BrownModule TeacherBrian Harney
Assessment Breakdown
TypeDescription% of totalAssessment Date
Digital ProjectStudents create a Digital Artefact which explores the Failure of Adapting to Climate Change from a business and society perspective. A short written explanation is also included.30%Week 9
ProjectCreation of exemplary failure case study including case study teaching notes, application, insights and lessons70%Sem 1 End
Reassessment Requirement Type
Resit arrangements are explained by the following categories;
RC1: A resit is available for both* components of the module.
RC2: No resit is available for a 100% coursework module.
RC3: No resit is available for the coursework component where there is a coursework and summative examination element.

* ‘Both’ is used in the context of the module having a coursework/summative examination split; where the module is 100% coursework, there will also be a resit of the assessment

Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Compatibles None
Incompatibles None

All module information is indicative and subject to change. For further information,students are advised to refer to the University's Marks and Standards and Programme Specific Regulations at: http://www.dcu.ie/registry/examinations/index.shtml

Indicative Content and Learning Activities

Introducing the F word
Understanding the occurrence, meaning and spectrum of failure including preventable, unavoidable, and inevitable failure.

Mechanisms of failure
Exploring the biases, path dependencies, power dynamics and trajectories that can lead to, and perpetuate, failure.

Theorizing failure
Students will gain insights on multiple theoretical lenses (systematic, organizational and human) used to explain and examine failure (e.g. complex adaptive systems, impression management, narcissism).

Contexts and Exemplars
The module will draw on illustrative exemplars from various levels of analysis, e.g. institutional failures, emergency management, corporate scandals (Enron, BP’s Gulf of Mexico oil spill) and climate change, sport, mega-projects (Nasa), as well exploring failed product development (Google Glass, Dyson electric cars) and cybersecurity dynamics (Facebook).

Purposeful failure
Students will be exposed to ideas around experimentation, lean-start-up as means of promoting purposeful and constructive failure.

Lessons and Insights from failure
Students will learn from concepts such as legitimacy and stigma, risk assessment, psychological safety, resilience, coping strategies, after-action reviews and mechanisms for voice and feedback (including whistleblowing) in efforts to predict, circumvent or prevent failures on a mass scale

Indicative Reading List

Books:
  • Perrow, Charles: 1999, Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies, 2nd, Princeton University Press,
  • Chiles, J.: 2002, Inviting Disaster: Lessons From the Edge of Technology, Harper Business,


Articles:
  • Brown, S.: 2019, Forget ‘fail fast.’ Here’s how to truly master digital innovation, MIT Sloan Management., 9th October, https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/forget-fail-fast-heres-how-to-truly-master-digital-innovation, 522013
  • 2014: What you Should Know about Megaprojects and Why: An Overview, Project Management Journal, 45(2), 619, 522014, 1
  • Failing by design: Harvard Business Review, April, 7784, 522015, 1, Hampel, C. E., & Tracey, P.
  • Academy of Management Journal: 60(6), 2175, 522016, 1, Joshi, M. P., Su, N., Austin, R. D., & Sundaram, A. K., 2021
  • Spring: 522017, 1, Leibel, W., 1991, When Scientists Are Wrong: Admitting Inadvertent Error in Research.
  • 601: 522018, 1, Mellahi, K., & Wilkinson, A., 2004, Organisational failure: a critique of recent research and a proposed integrative framework, International Journal of Management Reviews
  • 522019: 1, Miller, D., 1992, Icarus Paradox: how exceptional companies bring about their own downfall, Business Horizons, January-February, 2435,
  • 1: Pfeffer, J., 1992, Understanding Power in Organizations. , Winter, 34(2): 29-50., Californian Management Review, Winter 34(2), 2950,
  • Schwarz, G. M., Bouckenooghe, D., & Vakola, M.: 2021, Organizational change failure: Framing the process of failing, Human Relations, 74(2), 15979, 522022
  • 2011: How to Avoid Catastrophe, Harvard Business Review, April, 9097, 522023, 1
  • Drop your tools: an allegory for organization studies: Administrative Science Quarterly,, 41, 310,
Other Resources

  • 1: Podcast, Elizabeth Day, 2020, How to fail with Elizabeth day,
  • 418610: 1, Youtube, Bryant, Kobe, Fear of failure,
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=css0oV21m8c.:

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