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Module Specifications

Academic Year 2026 - 2027

Module Title Physical Layer Approaches for Secure Communication
Module Code EEN1105
Faculty Engineering & Computing School Electronic Engineering
NFQ level 9 Credit Rating 7.5
Description

This module introduces students to the principles and techniques of physical-layer (PHY) security in modern wireless systems, with a focus on edge, IoT, and next-generation networks. It covers the theoretical foundations of information-theoretic security, wireless channel characteristics, and practical PHY-layer mechanisms for secure communication. Students will learn to evaluate threats such as eavesdropping, jamming, and spoofing, design key generation schemes based on channel reciprocity, and apply signal processing strategies to enhance communication security.

Learning Outcomes

1. Explain the principles of information-theoretic security and secrecy capacity
2. Describe the main physical phenomena that affect a wireless channel from a security perspective
3. Design physical-layer key generation schemes based on channel reciprocity
4. Evaluate threats such as eavesdropping, jamming, and spoofing at the PHY layer
5. Apply signal processing techniques to enhance secure communication
6. Critically assess emerging PHY security techniques for edge, IoT, and next generation wireless systems.


WorkloadFull time hours per semester
TypeHoursDescription
Lecture36The module will be run over 12 weeks with 3 hrs of lecture each week.
Assignment Completion39Two assessments are part of this module
Self Directed Learning110The student will study on their own.
Assignment Completion3A formal final examination
Total Workload: 188
Section Breakdown
CRN21421Part of TermSemester 2
Coursework25%Examination Weight75%
Grade Scale40PASSPass Both ElementsN
Resit CategoryRC1Best MarkN
Module Co-ordinatorSobia JangsherModule Teacher
Section Breakdown
CRN21439Part of TermSemester 2
Coursework25%Examination Weight75%
Grade Scale40PASSPass Both ElementsN
Resit CategoryRC1Best MarkN
Module Co-ordinatorSobia JangsherModule Teacher
Assessment Breakdown
TypeDescription% of totalAssessment Date
AssignmentCapture wireless channel between a transmitter and receiver in different settings (LoS and NLoS) using the RTL SDR (it is just a receiver) or Hack RF(it is a transceiver) and study the channel characteristics.12.5%Once per semester
AssignmentDesign and simulate a physical layer key generation scheme for secure communication between 2 edge devices.12.5%Once per semester
Formal ExaminationIt is a 3 hr formal exam75%End-of-Semester
Reassessment Requirement Type
Resit arrangements are explained by the following categories;
RC1: A resit is available for both* components of the module.
RC2: No resit is available for a 100% coursework module.
RC3: No resit is available for the coursework component where there is a coursework and summative examination element.

* ‘Both’ is used in the context of the module having a coursework/summative examination split; where the module is 100% coursework, there will also be a resit of the assessment

Pre-requisite None
Co-requisite None
Compatibles None
Incompatibles None

All module information is indicative and subject to change. For further information,students are advised to refer to the University's Marks and Standards and Programme Specific Regulations at: http://www.dcu.ie/registry/examinations/index.shtml

Indicative Content and Learning Activities

Security Motivation at the Physical Layer
Limits of traditional cryptographic security in wireless systems Threat models: passive vs active adversaries Why edge, IoT, and 6G revive physical-layer security Overview of PHY security techniques and assumption

Wireless Channel Fundamentals for Security
Electromagnetic waves and fundamentals of wave propagation Noise, interference, fading, and shadowing Channel state information (CSI): estimation and errors Spatial, temporal, and frequency diversity Selection combining, maximal ratio combining Security implications of channel randomness.

Software defined Radios
Learn the fundamentals of Software-Defined Radio (SDR) using platforms such as RTL-SDR, HackRF or a USRP.

Information-Theoretic Security Basics
Shannon’s notion of perfect secrecy Mutual information and equivocation Secrecy metrics and performance measures Comparison with computational security

Wiretap Channel Models
Wyner wiretap channel Gaussian and fading wiretap channels Secrecy capacity and outage probability Impact of CSI availability at transmitter and receiver

Multiple-Antenna Systems and Secrecy
MIMO fundamentals recap (security-oriented) Secrecy beamforming principles Artificial noise generation Spatial selectivity and directional security

Practical Constraints and System Models
Imperfect CSI and channel estimation errors Mobility and time-varying channels Hardware non-idealities When and why PHY security assumptions break

Physical-Layer Key Generation
Channel reciprocity and shared randomness Key extraction pipeline: probing, quantization, reconciliation Privacy amplification Performance limits and attacks

Jamming, Interference, and Resilience
Intentional jamming and denial-of-service Reactive and intelligent jammers Spread spectrum and frequency hopping revisited Anti-jamming and adaptive strategies

Authentication and Device Identification
Signal-based authentication principles Channel-based authentication RF fingerprinting using hardware impairments Vulnerabilities and spoofing attacks

Indicative Reading List

Books:
  • Zhou, Song, and Zhang: 0, Physical Layer Security in Wireless Communications,
  • Theodore S. Rappaport: 0, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2,
  • Mohapatra, P., Pappas, N., Chorti, A., & Tomasin, S.: 2024, Physical-Layer Security for 6G, Wiley-IEEE Press., NJ,
  • Djordjevic, I. B: 2022, Physical-Layer Security, Quantum Key Distribution and Post-Quantum Cryptography, MDPI books,


Articles:
  • Amitav Mukherjee, Member, IEEE, S. Ali A. Fakoorian, Student Member, IEEE, Jing Huang, Member, IEEE, and A. Lee Swindlehurst, Fellow, IEEE.: 2024, Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6739367&tag=1, 524901
  • 2021: Physical-Layer Security in 6G Networks, IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2, 13, 10.1109/OJCOMS.2021.3103735,
Other Resources

None

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